The Journal of Space Commerce

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Retractions & Corrections

The Journal of Space Commerce follows COPE guidelines for post-publication corrections and retractions to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record.

COPE

COPE Guidelines Compliant

Our retraction and correction policies follow the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines for maintaining scholarly integrity.

COPE Guidelines

When Articles Are Retracted

Retraction is a mechanism for correcting the literature and alerting readers to articles that contain such seriously flawed or erroneous data that their findings and conclusions cannot be relied upon. Retractions are issued when: • Clear evidence of research misconduct (fabrication, falsification, plagiarism) • Findings are unreliable due to major error (not correctable by erratum) • The work is redundant or duplicate publication • Serious ethical violations (lack of consent, animal welfare issues) • Authors failed to disclose major competing interests

Retraction Process

Our retraction process follows COPE guidelines: 1. Concern is raised (by authors, readers, editors, or institutions) 2. Investigation is conducted following COPE guidelines 3. Authors are notified and given opportunity to respond 4. Decision is made by the Editor-in-Chief 5. Retraction notice is published with clear explanation 6. Original article is marked as retracted (not removed) 7. Indexing services are notified The original article will remain online (for transparency) but will be clearly marked as retracted on every page.

Retraction Notices

Retraction notices will: • Be clearly labeled as a retraction • State who is retracting the article (authors, editors, publisher) • Explain the reason for retraction • Be linked to the original article • Be freely available to all readers The notice will specify whether the retraction is due to honest error or research misconduct.

Corrigendum (Author Correction)

A corrigendum is published when authors notify us of an error in their published work. This is used for errors that: • Do not affect the overall findings or conclusions • Were made by the authors (not the publisher) • Need to be corrected for accuracy Examples include: incorrect author affiliations, typos in data, missing acknowledgments, incorrect figure labels.

Erratum (Publisher Correction)

An erratum is published when the publisher identifies an error introduced during the publication process. This includes: • Typographical errors introduced during copyediting • Production errors in figures or tables • Incorrect metadata assignment • Formatting issues that affect content interpretation

Expression of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be issued when: • There is inconclusive evidence of research misconduct • Evidence of misconduct is concerning but investigation is ongoing • The authors' institution does not investigate concerns adequately • Investigation is unlikely to be concluded satisfactorily Expressions of Concern alert readers to potential problems while investigations are ongoing. They may later be replaced by a retraction or removed if concerns are resolved.

Report a Concern

If you have concerns about a published article, please contact the editorial office with specific details and any supporting evidence.

ethics@xpertia.org

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